1. "From the standpoint of the theory of justice, the most important natural duty is that to support and to further just institutions. This duty has two parts: first, we are to comply with and to do our share in just institutions when they exist and apply to us; and second, we are to assist in the establishment of just arrangements when they do not exist, at least when this can be done with little cost to ourselves" (p. 293-294, The Law of Peoples_Belknap). It sounds similar with “positive right” from rights-based moral theory’s point of view. Why is it not possible to further just international institutions or just regional states? If we have sort of natural duty to assist to others, what restricts it to only domestic society? What are the grounds?
2. Rawls states that “Individuals living under unjust political institutions are not bound at all” (p. 147_Moral Principles and Political Obligations_Simmons). Then, what does Rawls suggest the society to establish such just political institutions in which they are supposed to be bound to each other? Does it start first from the peoples or the institutions?
3. Simmons says that “no more citizens will be bound under Rawls's duty of justice than were already bound under traditional principles of obligation” (p. 151_ Moral Principles and Political Obligations_Simmons) because he criticizes Rawls’ duty of justice as a not sufficient basis for one to have such “obedience” to institution. But then, on what grounds does Simmons argue that political obligations are “stronger” than political duties”?